In over two and a half decades in this business, we have had the opportunity to encounter customers interested in producing roulette wheels that would allow such manipulation. In this regard, some were willing to generously reward such functionality and even invest in comprehensive research and development. We have never complied with such requests, primarily because doing so would jeopardise our own reputation. However, even setting that aside, in the case of the ball ejection concept we use, achieving such functionality would be extremely complex. In the case of automated roulette wheels, where the ball’s movement is controlled via air jets and the ball is in constant view, this request would be somewhat easier to meet. Namely, with such automated roulette wheels, the movement of the ball is continuously controlled, which also results in noticeably unnatural behaviour, something players often notice. Therefore, the ball’s movement in the event of avoiding a specific number would not necessarily be as noticeable. In the case of electronic roulette wheels, where the ball is ejected through a tube and then moves uncontrollably until it lands in the winning number slot, it is a completely different matter. Theoretically, even in that case, it could be possible to influence the control of the winning number by adjusting the speed of the rotor. However, if we consider dispersed bet options like colour, and the well-known unpredictability of the ball bouncing off stoppers and dividers, implementing such a request in a way that would go unnoticed by the player remains practically an inapplicable theory.

It is crucial to understand that gambling games exist for the house to profit. If you are aware of this and have already decided to have some fun at the casino, roulette, especially electronic roulette with the ball ejection through a tube, logically represents the best choice, especially if you are betting on dispersed combinations like colour. The house edge, which stems from the zero, is still mathematically clear, but it is a transparent way for the gambling operator to cover its costs and make a profit. Therefore, if there is a way for us to harmlessly participate in gambling games, it is precisely with the automated roulette with the ball ejection from a tube, while being aware of the true nature of gambling games, regardless of the rigging of results.

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This year we successfully showcased our products at the ICE exhibition in Barcelona.

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This year we successfully showcased our products at the ICE exhibition in London for the 20^th time in a row.

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Since the appearance of automated roulette, it has been experimented with different ball ejection concepts, including spring-mechanical ones similar to those we see in pinball machines. However, over time, two main systems remained in wider use, both of which use air pressure to eject the ball, namely compressor and fan systems.

Compressor ball ejection system

The movement of the ball is controlled by compressed air that is ejected in a controlled manner from several subtly placed nozzles. The advantage of this system is that the ball always remains in the player’s sight, which to a certain extent enhances the somewhat shorter game cycle. The key difference between this principle and the original game is the continuous management of the ball’s motion. Such a feature in the eyes of the player represents a potential disadvantage because the ball’s movement is clearly unnatural and raises the suspicion of active manipulation of the outcome of the game. Another disadvantage lies in the sophistication of the system, which due to its complexity is more susceptible to breakdowns and, above all, the need for periodic maintenance of the air compressor, and on top of that, potential challenges related to the placement and noise of the compressor.

Fan ejection system

After reading the winning number, the ball is being “swallowed”, i.e. it is taken by gravity to the starting block located inside the device, from where it is then thrown out onto the balltrack through a spirally formed tube with the help of a centrifugal motor – a fan. Once dropped onto the balltrack, the ball continues to move freely on its way to the final winning number. In this case, the ball is normally out of the player’s sight for a few seconds, although by adding a second ball to the system, this can be avoided in such a way that the second ball flies out in sync with the fall down of the first.

Conclusion

With a compressor ejection system, the ball is normally in the player’s sight all the time and is usually ejected in a different direction each time. But on the other hand, the continuously controlled movement of the ball arouses suspicion among the players about the manipulation of the result, and the sophisticated system, which requires periodic maintenance and frequently relocated compressor station, complicates the operators’ job.

Automatic roulette cylinders with a fan ball ejection system may or may not have a bilateral ball ejection function – because of the ball supply pipe they are often slightly larger in diameter, and in the case of using only one ball, it is not in the player’s sight all the time. However, the movement of the ball is free and natural, the system is robust in its conceptual simplicity, and does not require displaced elements and periodic maintenance.

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We are extremely excited and look forward to exhibiting at the G2E Fair in Las Vegas, which will take place from 10 to 13 October 2022. At our booth no. 2923 we will be presenting automatic and manual roulette wheels with characteristic features that make King Roulettes wheels the best choice both in land-based casinos and the online sector.

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The greatest achievements of the human civilization have always been preceded by extended periods of ongoing focus and upgrading. Accordingly, we at CTI are convinced that great things are not achieved haphazardly, and our strategy has always focused on remaining calm and stable and growing inwardly as opposed to being compelled to grow outwardly.

This year, we are proudly celebrating the 20th anniversary of our King Roulettes brand. During these 20 years of being constantly committed to developing roulette mechanisms, we remained unperturbed by the ups and downs in the gaming industry. Many businesses emerged at the time and grew rapidly, but few managed to survive. Our development has been pursued without interruption for twenty years and our manufacturing capacities remain ready even in cyclical periods of extremely low demand, typical of our industry. For example, if you purchased our product 18 years ago (at which time we implemented our internal ERP system) and you now need any spare part, we will immediately retrieve all drawings and specifications and very quickly make it and deliver it to you. As they say, the past is the best predictor of the future – if this is so indeed, CTI remains a constant within the gaming industry that you can rely on.

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Wood

The use of wood has its roots in traditional, hand-operated roulettes, and wood as such is an indispensable part of the image we think of when talking about the roulette wheel. With the advent of automated roulettes, the use of this material has however become more complicated.

Wood as such is a natural material of irregular structure that does not tolerate drying and, on the other hand, a multitude of heat sources such as various engines and electronic components located in the enclosed space below and around the automated roulette wheel do just that. In such conditions, wood has a natural tendency to deform and crack and the stability of dimensional, mechanical and aesthetic properties of visible surfaces, especially those over which the ball passes, is one of the key quality factors of any roulette wheel.

From a strictly technical point of view, the easiest way to meet this challenge is to use alternative industrial materials with a homogeneous structure, with or without a combination of veneers. By using such materials, the required technical properties can be achieved in a more cost-efficient way. Therefore, in situations of a modern roulette wheel environment, this is also a logical choice. However, besides the tradition of making roulette wheels, natural wood, just like gold, has an irresistible appeal and therefore, despite the availability of many alternatives, it is still the most sought after material.

Example of a wooden bowl of a roulette wheel made of precious solid wood

Veneer

Veneer is the closest alternative to solid wood, being in fact a thin sheet of wood attached to the base by gluing. Although its surface is identical to solid wood, what reveals that a product is not of solid wood are the curved surfaces which the veneer cannot be glued to.
An example of a wooden bowl of a roulette wheel made using a combination of industrial materials and veneer

As in the case of solid wood, regardless of aesthetic, due to the impossibility of ensuring the required flatness of the surface, veneer is not a recommended material for cones. In other aspects, roulette wheels made of veneer can be of the same quality, and in terms of production costs a more cost-efficient alternative to quality roulette wheels made of precious wood.

An example of a wooden bowl of a roulette wheel made using a combination of industrial materials and veneer

MDF

Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF) is an industrial material with a good cost-performance ratio. The material absorbs moisture but due to its homogeneous structure, changes in humidity will not necessarily cause uneven deformations. When used for the surface layer of the visible parts of the roulette wheel, it is varnished in a color of choice which makes it flexible in terms of design and particularly suitable for modern environments. Also, due to the necessity of varnishing and the impossibility of ensuring the required dimensional uniformity, the material is not recommended for cones.

Mineral-acrylic composites

These materials are known under various brands, and are often used in the manufacture of kitchen and bathroom furniture. The technical properties of these materials are generally excellent, they are easy to process, do not absorb moisture, have very good resistance to wear and temperature fluctuations. Also, the materials are available in various designs ranging from solid colors, colors with effect, to imitations of natural stone. However, the range of ​​available designs does not cover wood, the traditional material for roulettes, and the price of the material is quite high. For this reason, this material is most often used in a part of the wooden bowl called balltrack and less often for making cones and separator rings. Compared to other variants, a balltrack made of Corian generally has a higher resistance to wear due to the ball rotation, and for this reason we recommend it for this purpose.

Foils, “carbon fibers”

Subject to a good choice of foil, professional installation, and dimensionally stable base of adequate hardness, the foil can be a satisfactory alternative to wood. Nowadays, some foils are so sophisticated that they are applied to vehicle body parts most exposed to external mechanical influences. Although it cannot visually replace the look of precious wood, foils are available in a wide range of designs and can fit well into a modern environment.

Carbon fiber-reinforced polymers have been increasingly used in the manufacture of various products in recent years. Sometimes their use is based on specific requirements for mechanical properties, as is the case, for example, in the production of racecar parts. However, sometimes this expensive material is used even where its specific mechanical properties are not better than some other, much cheaper materials, which is the case in the production of gaming devices. Namely, properties such as extremely low specific weight, tensile strength, corrosion resistance, electrical conductivity are not of special importance in the case of a roulette wheel and therefore from a technical point of view there is no justification for the use of this expensive material. If a woven carbon fiber pattern is an esthetic requirement, we will of course not judge it, but in that case, in our opinion, a foil with woven carbon fiber pattern is a more optimal choice. In this way, the essential mechanical properties are not impaired, and the cost is significantly lower. In any case, it is important to know that the use of carbon fibers does not improve the quality of the roulette wheel and as such does not justify its higher price.

Example of foil with a pattern of woven carbon fibers on the slope of wooden bowl

Comparison of characteristics of wood and most common alternatives to wood in the production of automated roulette wheels

*Cone
Cone is the rotating part of a roulette wheel, of truncated cone shape, surrounded with the separator ring, and with the turret in the center.

** Wooden bowl
Static part of the roulette wheel, along which the ball travels.

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1) Unprotected surface aluminium

This variety is often seen on the surfaces of rotating disk and separator and is characterized by its cost-efficacy and aesthetic instability. Aluminium, and particularly its alloys used in casting as is the case here, as such is not resistant to oxidation and tarnishes in time. The reason why this method is used by some manufacturers is that aluminium alloys are not suitable for use of some metallic appearance surface coatings although such surfaces look quite nice initially. An interesting thing is that it is the method of choice for the most renowned manufacturers of traditional roulette wheels as well as many automated roulette manufacturers.

2) Electroplated brass

This variety is most frequently seen on turrets, ball deflectors ², barriers, or separators, and only sometimes on the visible surfaces of rotating disc and plate ¹ as well as cone. Electroplating is divided into two most frequently used types of surface coating, being nickel plating and gilding. Both these types of surface coating are resistant to oxidation, well resistant to chemicals, but the area where they differ significantly is their mechanical resistance. While nickel provides very hard surface of excellent resistance to tear and wear and aesthetic stability, gilding provides somewhat softer surface more prone to tear and wear, although the level of resistance to some extent depends on the composition of the gold alloy ². Nickel plating is also somewhat cheaper than gilding but notwithstanding that, due to its appeal, gold is still customers’ first choice. In case of visible surfaces of discs and plates ¹, use of this method requires production of segments from materials suitable for direct electroplating – primarily brass, which are then mechanically affixed to their aluminium bodies, which means a significant increase in the production cost notwithstanding the cost of the surface coating itself. That is also the reason why it is used by only a few manufacturers.

3) Anodized aluminium

Anodization provides surfaces resistant to oxidation, chemicals, but also relatively resistant to mechanical impacts. With the exception of white colour, there is a wide choice of available shades. The anodization itself is not very expensive but, just like electroplating, it is not suitable for use on casts used for large segments of roulette wheels. A special feature of this variety is a surface of silky glare, of moderate reflection, favouring live streaming, particularly in case of large surfaces such as cone and separator.

 

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Even though online gaming is on the rise, players still prefer real, physical roulette wheels. With King Roulettes it was never easier to set up a live streaming. Our automated roulette wheels make fully functional units that can work autonomously, sending details of their operation, such as the position of the ball.

All models of our wheels are suitable for this purpose, but thanks to the less reflective surfaces, Avant-Garde is especially suitable for recording. On top of that, we also offer a range of options that can assist this kind of operation, including different types of glass (dome, flat, anti-reflective) and in-rim camera.

But above all, King Roulettes wheels are extremely robust and reliable, and therefore suitable for continuous autonomous operation.

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